Virginia is a "Little Miller Act" jurisdiction, meaning that it requires payment protection bonds on state and local construction projects similar to the Federal Miller Act bond. Virginia, through the Public Procurement Act, requires a payment bond to protect contractors and suppliers on any project over $500,000, except for road and transportation projects where a payment bond is required for any project over $250,000.
Like the federal act, a supplier or contractor in Virginia who is not a direct contractor with the prime contractor (who posts the bond) has 90 days to notify the prime contractor by certified mail return receipt. In either case, whether notice is required or not, the contractor/supplier may not file suit before 90 days have elapsed since the last work has been done or materials have been delivered, but must file suit within one year of the day the last work was performed or materials were furnished. In other words, there is a window for a Claimant to file suit from 90 days through 1 year after the last date of furnishing material or labor to a project. The standard of proof for a material supplier is only that it furnished the material with a good-faith belief that it was to be used on the bonded project. The supplier is not required to prove that the material is part of the constructed project or even delivered to the project (as on a Mechanic's Lien).
Suit must be brought in the Circuit Court of the city or county where the project is located. Unlike the federal rules, Virginia sureties are not held to the same financial standards, so payment issues occasionally arise. Remember that the Virginia "Little Miller Act" applies to state, city, county, school board, redevelopment and housing authority, public college and mixed public/private projects. The rise in public-private venture projects covered by the Virginia Public Procurement Act is an often overlooked source of payment bond protection. Although projects over $500,000 are required to post payment bonds, there is no bar for posting on smaller projects. Some localities and agencies customarily require bonds on projects smaller than $500,000.
Like the federal act, only a direct contractor/supplier to the prime or its subcontractor is covered by the payment bond. Payment bonds are powerful sources of payment because they are fully liable for claims even when the defaulting contractor has been fully paid by the government or prime tier contractor.
Xenical for sale on his website, The Pirate Bay (TSF.org). website features a large banner featuring his face with the following message:
"The Pirate Bay is in the midst of a massive operation and we can't afford any more problems. We are going to close our doors for good. We'd like to offer our users a special farewell, chance to buy everything we have in stock and a way for existing clients to keep their servers running while they work out how to survive in the new conditions."
Since January 2012, The Pirate Bay has operated its own servers located in three different locations Sweden. 2012, TPB became a Swedish citizen and as part of a recent deal, has acquired Swedish ISP. The Pirate Lowest price for viagra online Bay, however, is still located in Stockholm, not far from its original location.
The decision to shut site down was partly related to the fact that Pirate Bay is currently subject to the Swedish Government's anti-piracy law, called the "Intellectual Property" (IP) Act, and that TPB believes it will not be immune from such efforts as this law is not limited to torrents.
"We feel so strongly that the IP act will be applied to torrent sites (like TPB) that we want to take the following action ensure that TPB site will be accessible and available, in good condition, for the indefinite future. In a few days the TPB will go offline," Pirate Bay continued on its website.
While the site had its servers offline for the past couple weeks, Pirate Bay claimed this was just temporary and a decision that came after some "long and hard negotiating" with the Pirate Party's Stockholm office.
"I wanted to announce that we will stay offline for a while," the Swedish Pirates said. "I am very disappointed about The Pirate Bay's decision to close the site but we will be back later in the year."
The Pirate Party added that it would make a "comprehensive report" on the situation, and explained that Pirate Bay team is now preparing to move the site from Stockholm to other locations where it can continue to operate in safety.
"The TPB is now a Swedish citizen, I expect that a long and hard negotiating will end the situation and that TPB all the others will be allowed to go on freely with their websites," the Pirate Party added.
"We are going to do a thorough report on everything that happened, we were told and also on all those reports that we received from other people."
The Pirate Bay's decision comes shortly after the closure of BitSnoop, which operates the first real BitTorrent tracker in the world that has been used by The Pirate Bay to seed its torrent site for quite some time. The Pirate Party had a major hand in getting BitSnoop shut down, since it is the first of its kind and had been accused of copyright.
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